LEXINGTON, Ky. — The Lexington-Fayette County Health Department has identified three human cases of West Nile Virus, prompting expanded mosquito control efforts across the city, the health department announced in a press release.

All three cases were identified between late August and early September, involving adults between ages 30 and 77 who required hospitalization. The patients reside or spent long periods outdoors in the 40502, 40505 and 40509 zip codes, where they reported being bitten by mosquitoes.

In response, the health department began spraying for mosquitoes in affected areas the week of September 22, with additional spraying already completed in parts of the 40502 and 40505 zip codes.

By early October, the count had increased to four cases, prompting a statewide health alert from the Kentucky Department for Public Health. Kentucky reported 19 cases statewide, including one death, compared to an average of seven cases in previous years.

West Nile Virus is spread through infected mosquito bites. Symptoms typically develop three to 14 days after exposure and include fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph glands, neck stiffness, tremors, vision loss, muscle weakness or rash on the chest, stomach and back. Mild cases usually improve without medical treatment, but people experiencing severe symptoms such as unusually severe headaches or confusion should seek immediate medical attention.

The health department conducts weekly mosquito trapping at six locations throughout the county to monitor mosquito populations. Spraying uses Duet, applied at approximately 0.6 ounces per acre during early morning and evening hours when mosquitoes are most active. Spraying continues through the first frost or when evening temperatures remain below 55 degrees.

Health officials recommend residents reduce their risk by using EPA-labeled insect repellents containing DEET, Picaridin or oil of lemon eucalyptus, wearing long-sleeved clothing during peak mosquito activity from dusk to dawn, and eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed. Residents who find standing water or excessive mosquito problems can contact Environmental Health and Protection at (859) 231-9791.