LEXINGTON, Ky. — As summer brings a surge in water activities, pediatric ear specialists at the University of Kentucky are offering guidance to help children avoid a common seasonal ailment. According to UK HealthCare, swimmers of all ages should be aware of otitis externa, commonly known as swimmer's ear, which develops when bacteria thrive in trapped moisture inside the ear canal.

Kenneth C. Iverson, chief of pediatric otolaryngology for Golisano Children's at UK, warns that the infection often follows swimming or other activities that allow water to enter the ears. Softened skin lining the outer ear canal can make it easier for bacteria to penetrate and establish an infection. Some children are particularly susceptible due to conditions like eczema or seborrheic dermatitis, or from damage to the ear canal caused by improper use of cotton swabs.

Mild cases typically produce itching, slight redness inside the ear and fluid drainage, with discomfort that worsens when touching or pulling on the affected ear. More severe infections may cause significant pain, a sensation of fullness, partial or complete blockage of the ear canal, thick cloudy drainage, hearing loss, swollen lymph nodes or fever.

Iverson recommends several prevention strategies for children prone to recurrent infections. Limiting water exposure to less than an hour and thoroughly drying the outer ear with a clean towel or cool hair dryer can reduce risk. Over-the-counter or custom-made earplugs provide additional protection for susceptible swimmers. Critically, Iverson cautions against using cotton swabs or other devices that can remove protective ear wax or cause small injuries that allow bacteria entry. "Ear wax is a natural measure of protection against swimmer's ear as its oily properties help repel water and has characteristics that naturally resist microbes," he explained.

For children with recurrent infections, certain topical ear drops applied after water exposure may help, though parents should consult their doctor about which drops are appropriate, especially for children with ear tubes or perforated eardrums. Most cases of swimmer's ear respond well to medical treatment, which may include prescribed ear drops to fight infection and reduce swelling, or in severe cases, frequent suctioning of debris from the ear canal. Oral antibiotics and wicks placed in the ear canal to deliver medication deeper may also be necessary. Recognizing symptoms early and seeking prompt medical treatment can prevent minor infections from disrupting summer fun.